| Title |
Cognitive fatigue influences students’ performance on standardized tests
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, February 2016
|
| DOI | 10.1073/pnas.1516947113 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Hans Henrik Sievertsen, Francesca Gino, Marco Piovesan |
| Abstract |
Using test data for all children attending Danish public schools between school years 2009/10 and 2012/13, we examine how the time of the test affects performance. Test time is determined by the weekly class schedule and computer availability at the school. We find that, for every hour later in the day, test performance decreases by 0.9% of an SD (95% CI, 0.7-1.0%). However, a 20- to 30-minute break improves average test performance by 1.7% of an SD (95% CI, 1.2-2.2%). These findings have two important policy implications: First, cognitive fatigue should be taken into consideration when deciding on the length of the school day and the frequency and duration of breaks throughout the day. Second, school accountability systems should control for the influence of external factors on test scores. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 77 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 19 | 25% |
| Denmark | 6 | 8% |
| United Kingdom | 6 | 8% |
| Canada | 4 | 5% |
| Australia | 2 | 3% |
| New Zealand | 1 | 1% |
| Netherlands | 1 | 1% |
| Isle of Man | 1 | 1% |
| Norway | 1 | 1% |
| Other | 2 | 3% |
| Unknown | 34 | 44% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 56 | 73% |
| Scientists | 17 | 22% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 2 | 3% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 3% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 260 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 2 | <1% |
| Luxembourg | 1 | <1% |
| Belgium | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 256 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 41 | 16% |
| Researcher | 35 | 13% |
| Student > Bachelor | 34 | 13% |
| Student > Master | 33 | 13% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 15 | 6% |
| Other | 53 | 20% |
| Unknown | 49 | 19% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Psychology | 54 | 21% |
| Social Sciences | 15 | 6% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 12 | 5% |
| Neuroscience | 12 | 5% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 12 | 5% |
| Other | 88 | 34% |
| Unknown | 67 | 26% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 297. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 29 November 2023.
All research outputs
#118,335
of 25,649,244 outputs
Outputs from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#2,519
of 103,516 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#2,014
of 312,266 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#51
of 877 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,649,244 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 99th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 103,516 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 39.6. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 97% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 312,266 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 877 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 94% of its contemporaries.