| Title |
Mobile small RNAs regulate genome-wide DNA methylation
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, January 2016
|
| DOI | 10.1073/pnas.1515072113 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Mathew G Lewsey, Thomas J Hardcastle, Charles W Melnyk, Attila Molnar, Adrián Valli, Mark A Urich, Joseph R Nery, David C Baulcombe, Joseph R Ecker |
| Abstract |
RNA silencing at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels regulates endogenous gene expression, controls invading transposable elements (TEs), and protects the cell against viruses. Key components of the mechanism are small RNAs (sRNAs) of 21-24 nt that guide the silencing machinery to their nucleic acid targets in a nucleotide sequence-specific manner. Transcriptional gene silencing is associated with 24-nt sRNAs and RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) at cytosine residues in three DNA sequence contexts (CG, CHG, and CHH). We previously demonstrated that 24-nt sRNAs are mobile from shoot to root in Arabidopsis thaliana and confirmed that they mediate DNA methylation at three sites in recipient cells. In this study, we extend this finding by demonstrating that RdDM of thousands of loci in root tissues is dependent upon mobile sRNAs from the shoot and that mobile sRNA-dependent DNA methylation occurs predominantly in non-CG contexts. Mobile sRNA-dependent non-CG methylation is largely dependent on the DOMAINS REARRANGED METHYLTRANSFERASES 1/2 (DRM1/DRM2) RdDM pathway but is independent of the CHROMOMETHYLASE (CMT)2/3 DNA methyltransferases. Specific superfamilies of TEs, including those typically found in gene-rich euchromatic regions, lose DNA methylation in a mutant lacking 22- to 24-nt sRNAs (dicer-like 2, 3, 4 triple mutant). Transcriptome analyses identified a small number of genes whose expression in roots is associated with mobile sRNAs and connected to DNA methylation directly or indirectly. Finally, we demonstrate that sRNAs from shoots of one accession move across a graft union and target DNA methylation de novo at normally unmethylated sites in the genomes of root cells from a different accession. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 53 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 8 | 15% |
| United Kingdom | 4 | 8% |
| Australia | 3 | 6% |
| Japan | 2 | 4% |
| Canada | 2 | 4% |
| France | 2 | 4% |
| Switzerland | 2 | 4% |
| Spain | 2 | 4% |
| Germany | 1 | 2% |
| Other | 7 | 13% |
| Unknown | 20 | 38% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 31 | 58% |
| Scientists | 20 | 38% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 2 | 4% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 430 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 3 | <1% |
| Germany | 2 | <1% |
| United Kingdom | 2 | <1% |
| Brazil | 1 | <1% |
| India | 1 | <1% |
| Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
| New Zealand | 1 | <1% |
| Mexico | 1 | <1% |
| Argentina | 1 | <1% |
| Other | 5 | 1% |
| Unknown | 412 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 100 | 23% |
| Researcher | 96 | 22% |
| Student > Master | 42 | 10% |
| Student > Postgraduate | 36 | 8% |
| Student > Bachelor | 28 | 7% |
| Other | 65 | 15% |
| Unknown | 63 | 15% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 234 | 54% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 105 | 24% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 4 | <1% |
| Computer Science | 3 | <1% |
| Environmental Science | 3 | <1% |
| Other | 15 | 3% |
| Unknown | 66 | 15% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 83. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 09 October 2020.
All research outputs
#500,484
of 24,988,543 outputs
Outputs from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#8,828
of 102,105 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#9,163
of 405,942 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#198
of 848 outputs
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