Title |
Characterization and engineering of a plastic-degrading aromatic polyesterase
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Published in |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, April 2018
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DOI | 10.1073/pnas.1718804115 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Harry P Austin, Mark D Allen, Bryon S Donohoe, Nicholas A Rorrer, Fiona L Kearns, Rodrigo L Silveira, Benjamin C Pollard, Graham Dominick, Ramona Duman, Kamel El Omari, Vitaliy Mykhaylyk, Armin Wagner, William E Michener, Antonella Amore, Munir S Skaf, Michael F Crowley, Alan W Thorne, Christopher W Johnson, H Lee Woodcock, John E McGeehan, Gregg T Beckham |
Abstract |
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is one of the most abundantly produced synthetic polymers and is accumulating in the environment at a staggering rate as discarded packaging and textiles. The properties that make PET so useful also endow it with an alarming resistance to biodegradation, likely lasting centuries in the environment. Our collective reliance on PET and other plastics means that this buildup will continue unless solutions are found. Recently, a newly discovered bacterium, Ideonella sakaiensis 201-F6, was shown to exhibit the rare ability to grow on PET as a major carbon and energy source. Central to its PET biodegradation capability is a secreted PETase (PET-digesting enzyme). Here, we present a 0.92 Å resolution X-ray crystal structure of PETase, which reveals features common to both cutinases and lipases. PETase retains the ancestral α/β-hydrolase fold but exhibits a more open active-site cleft than homologous cutinases. By narrowing the binding cleft via mutation of two active-site residues to conserved amino acids in cutinases, we surprisingly observe improved PET degradation, suggesting that PETase is not fully optimized for crystalline PET degradation, despite presumably evolving in a PET-rich environment. Additionally, we show that PETase degrades another semiaromatic polyester, polyethylene-2,5-furandicarboxylate (PEF), which is an emerging, bioderived PET replacement with improved barrier properties. In contrast, PETase does not degrade aliphatic polyesters, suggesting that it is generally an aromatic polyesterase. These findings suggest that additional protein engineering to increase PETase performance is realistic and highlight the need for further developments of structure/activity relationships for biodegradation of synthetic polyesters. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 44 | 17% |
United Kingdom | 24 | 9% |
Japan | 17 | 7% |
Chile | 9 | 4% |
Canada | 7 | 3% |
France | 7 | 3% |
Germany | 6 | 2% |
Australia | 5 | 2% |
Spain | 5 | 2% |
Other | 28 | 11% |
Unknown | 103 | 40% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 188 | 74% |
Scientists | 59 | 23% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 6 | 2% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | <1% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 2273 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 417 | 18% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 292 | 13% |
Researcher | 254 | 11% |
Student > Master | 245 | 11% |
Other | 73 | 3% |
Other | 269 | 12% |
Unknown | 723 | 32% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 551 | 24% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 238 | 10% |
Chemistry | 197 | 9% |
Engineering | 111 | 5% |
Chemical Engineering | 93 | 4% |
Other | 291 | 13% |
Unknown | 792 | 35% |