| Title |
Testing Turing’s theory of morphogenesis in chemical cells
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, March 2014
|
| DOI | 10.1073/pnas.1322005111 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Nathan Tompkins, Ning Li, Camille Girabawe, Michael Heymann, G. Bard Ermentrout, Irving R. Epstein, Seth Fraden |
| Abstract |
Alan Turing, in "The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis" [Turing AM (1952) Philos Trans R Soc Lond 237(641):37-72], described how, in circular arrays of identical biological cells, diffusion can interact with chemical reactions to generate up to six periodic spatiotemporal chemical structures. Turing proposed that one of these structures, a stationary pattern with a chemically determined wavelength, is responsible for differentiation. We quantitatively test Turing's ideas in a cellular chemical system consisting of an emulsion of aqueous droplets containing the Belousov-Zhabotinsky oscillatory chemical reactants, dispersed in oil, and demonstrate that reaction-diffusion processes lead to chemical differentiation, which drives physical morphogenesis in chemical cells. We observe five of the six structures predicted by Turing. In 2D hexagonal arrays, a seventh structure emerges, incompatible with Turing's original model, which we explain by modifying the theory to include heterogeneity. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 46 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 9 | 20% |
| United Kingdom | 8 | 17% |
| Switzerland | 2 | 4% |
| Mexico | 1 | 2% |
| Japan | 1 | 2% |
| Canada | 1 | 2% |
| Bolivia, Plurinational State of | 1 | 2% |
| Argentina | 1 | 2% |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1 | 2% |
| Other | 0 | 0% |
| Unknown | 21 | 46% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 33 | 72% |
| Scientists | 12 | 26% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 2% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 220 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 9 | 4% |
| United Kingdom | 3 | 1% |
| France | 1 | <1% |
| Israel | 1 | <1% |
| Lithuania | 1 | <1% |
| Sweden | 1 | <1% |
| Spain | 1 | <1% |
| Argentina | 1 | <1% |
| Japan | 1 | <1% |
| Other | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 200 | 91% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 48 | 22% |
| Researcher | 47 | 21% |
| Student > Master | 24 | 11% |
| Professor | 23 | 10% |
| Student > Bachelor | 15 | 7% |
| Other | 33 | 15% |
| Unknown | 30 | 14% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 44 | 20% |
| Physics and Astronomy | 42 | 19% |
| Chemistry | 18 | 8% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 17 | 8% |
| Engineering | 17 | 8% |
| Other | 46 | 21% |
| Unknown | 36 | 16% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 147. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 25 September 2021.
All research outputs
#274,343
of 25,081,505 outputs
Outputs from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#5,082
of 102,340 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#2,241
of 226,938 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#82
of 1,000 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,081,505 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 98th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 102,340 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 39.0. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 95% of its peers.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 1,000 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 91% of its contemporaries.